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Cold weather running

 

When exercising in low-temperatures you: 1) rely on carbohydrates more and less on fats for energy 2) your lactate production is higher for a given intensity, indicating that you’re going deeper into “oxygen debt” to produce the necessary energy to maintain a given pace (as evidenced by a high oxygen consumption rate in colder temperatures) and 3) your muscle contractions are less powerful, which demands an increase in fast-twitch muscle fibre usage, perhaps explaining the higher lactate production.

Relying more on carbohydrates will drain your energy reserves faster on long runs. Higher lactate production, and less efficient muscle contractions are also problematic for shorter races. These effects can be mitigated with warm clothing and moderate activity (like running) to maintain your body

Maintaining your carbohydrate and fluid intake levels are important, you’re more likely to “hit the wall” in training or in a long race during cold weather.

Dehydration is a risk in cold weather, as low temperatures increase urine output and diminish thirst. Water losses from breathing and sweating remain significant, even in cold temperatures, so staying hydrated should be a priority.

Breathing

Before reaching the lungs, the air we breathe must journey through a series of tubes that warm and humidify them. At rest, this task is accomplished quite easily in most people. However, during exercise, when breathing rates increase, the capacity of the “conducting airways” to warm and humidify the air is often exceeded. This allows unconditioned air to reach the small airways, causing them to become dehydrated and inflamed. In turn, they can sometimes constrict and produce mucous. Running in the cold can therefore cause a cough in susceptible people.

If repeated over a prolonged period, this mechanism of airway dehydration and inflammation can cause long-term injury to the respiratory system. People who are susceptible can develop a condition known as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) which causes asthma-like symptoms (cough, wheeze, mucous production) during exercise.

If you have access to the facilities, you could do more training, or a portion of your long runs, indoor on the treadmill or a track. You could try wrapping a buff over your nose and mouth, as the microfibers will trap some of the warm and humid air you expire, allowing it to recirculate. 

Clothing

Some of the performance drops associated with cold weather may be the result of having a higher baseline metabolic rate, which is one of the body’s mechanisms to maintaining core temperature. Shivering is a good example of this and this could “steal” energy that would otherwise be used for athletic performance.

It is critically important to keep your body warm at all times when exercising in the cold. Environments that are cold and wet are also problematic, as they dramatically increase heat loss and render many fabrics ineffective. It is important to stay warm before and during a workout or a race in the cold. It is much harder to bring it back up once it has dropped. Warming up before a race or workout becomes even more critical in the cold.

Layering is always a good idea in the cold, it is easier to calibrate your optimal clothing level when you have several thinner layers versus one thick one. If you’re going to train or race in cold weather frequently, it’s probably worth investing in some technical cold-weather clothing, especially if you encounter cold and wet conditions frequently. If you’re worried about having too many layers, choose a loop that circles back in front of your house and ditch layers if need be.

Wear running gloves, a hat, and a running buff or face covering for the cold. As with your running layers, if your accessories get too hot, you can take them off during the run and put them in your pockets.

Winter weather can change quickly and dramatically. Plan ahead for general winter weather such as running during the warmest parts of the day if possible, and also keep your eyes on the weather for any upcoming storms or deep temperature drops.

Be sure to change into warm, dry clothes as soon as possible after your run.

Buy shoes with good traction on the outsole with either Gore-Tex or water-resistant materials to keep your feet warm and dry. Some other gear to invest in is thermal or merino-wool moisture-wicking socks, a winter-specific hat, warm gloves that are not too bulky, plus a wind and water-resistant jacket to keep you warm and dry.

They have specific shoes for snow and ice. Trail shoes can also fit the bill. Other options are Yaktrax or putting small screws into the bottom of old shoes.

Look for a running jacket that isn’t black, and that has reflective elements is beneficial, so you can be seen by motorists. If you can’t get your mind off that stylish black jacket, there are plenty of reflective accessories (i.e., lights, vests, reflective bands and tape).

Other accessories to consider are hand/foot warmer packets and battery operated clothing.

Other tricks to stay warm are to start your run indoors on a treadmill before heading out doors or putting your clothes in the dryer before putting them on and heading out.

Last note – safety

Avoid roads or paths that have not been cleared of snow and ice, and instead, look for running routes that have been plowed and are well-lit, so drivers and other pedestrians can see you. If you’re running in the dark, invest in headlamps or other lighting options. Winter running is not ideal for speed work, and the weather may slow you down. It’s perfectly ok to run slower paces than usual as the main goal of winter running is to keep your base miles up and stay fit (and sane).

Reduce your footprint, give your old shoes new life.

As a runner, and shoe lover in general, I purchase and go through a lot of pairs. But it doesn’t feel good to just throw them out into the garbage when I’m done with them. Shoes are difficult to recycle and are most often sent to the landfill, but Strathcona County works with Soles4Souls to collect old shoes and keep them out of the landfill.

Soles4Souls collects shoes to distribute to people in need across Canada and around the world. They are a Canadian Non-for-Profit Organization. At Soles4Souls Canada, they accept all styles and sizes of new or gently-worn shoes. Your donation of one pair of shoes helps save approximately 30 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions released when new shoes are manufactured, and keeps 1.25 pounds of textiles out of landfills.

Shoes are processed at one of their 11 facilities, and then packaged and shipped overseas. One of their international partners buys the shoes and resells them to a local micro-entrepreneur, who can resell them to earn a living.

In countries like Haiti and Honduras, one pair of shoes can provide food, shelter, and education for a family for one day. At S4S Canada, unwanted shoes are turned into opportunity, by keeping them from going to waste and putting them to good use – providing relief, creating jobs and empowering people to break the cycle of poverty.

People are helped by the organization to launch and sustain their own small business selling donated shoes and clothing. This helps protect the environment by putting used goods to good use, instead of wasting away in a landfill. S4S also aims to empower women, ensuring they have the opportunity and recognition they deserve.

When dropping off, tie or bind your clean shoes (in any state of wear) together with elastics and find a bin at any of the following locations:

  • Broadview Enviroservice Station, 101 Broadview Road, Sherwood Park, AB, during building operating hours (Thursday to Sunday)
  • Millennium Place, 2000 Premier Way, Sherwood Park, AB 
  • Ardrossan Recreation Complex, 80-1 Avenue, Ardrossan, AB 
  • Glen Allan Recreation Complex, 199 Georgian Way, Sherwood Park, AB

What are Bandhas – and how to engage them!

The bandhas are known as the body’s locks. They are made from muscle but are not used to help the body move, rather playing a supportive role. They are used in yoga because they help to bring energy up the body. There are four:

Mulbhand: the root lock, is part of the pelvic floor musculature. To engage this lock you pull in the muscles around the perineum. Any time that you are intensively bending your torso, it’s a good idea to lightly engage the Mulbhand to support your spine.

Uddhyana: the diaphragm lock. Is activated when you contract your abdomen and draw it upwards.

Jalandhara: the neck lock, elevates the neck vertebra. Engage this lock by pulling in your chin, while at the same time pulling up the top of your head.

Maha Band: the great lock, is engaged by using all three together, while at the same time bringing your tongue backwards and pressing it into your soft pallet, and also closing your eyes and rolling the eyeballs upwards.

Focus on these four key areas of health

Modern life is having a negative impact on our health. Good health comes down to four key areas: food, movement, sleep, and relaxation.

Food: Eat fats, carbohydrates and proteins – whole and minimally processed. Eating more plant foods has many benefits including; lower blood pressure, triglyceride levels, glucose and waist circumference, which can translate to a lower risk of a number of different diseases, including heart disease and diabetes. Limit red meat to reduce heart disease and cancer. This could mean having it less often or eating smaller portions when you do. But include lots of plant foods on the side. And of course, limit junk food.

Movement: Include weight training/resistance, cardiovascular exercise (think something that gets you breathing a little heavier), stretching/mobility/self-myofascial release/yoga and balance training.

Sleep: It is recommended that for 18–60 years of age, seven or more hours per night;  61–64 years of age, seven to nine hours; and, 65 years and older, seven to eight hours. Some habits that can improve your sleep health include –  1. Be consistent – go to bed at the same time each night and get up at the same time each morning, including on the weekends. 2. Make sure your bedroom is quiet, dark, relaxing, and at a comfortable temperature. 3. Remove electronic devices, such as TVs, computers, and smart phones, from the bedroom. 4. Avoid large meals, caffeine, and alcohol before bedtime. 5. Get some exercise. Being physically active during the day can help you fall asleep more easily at night.

Relaxation: Just stepping away from something stressful for a few minutes or taking time away from your normal routines and thoughts can give you enough space and distance to feel calmer. We all have different activities that we find relaxing, for example, read a book or a magazine, even if it’s only for a few minutes, run yourself a bath, watch a film, play with a pet or try out a new recipe.

Can your faith-based religion and yoga go together?

Some Christians believe yoga is full of spiritual seduction and danger. Some Christians do not believe that yoga contradicts the teachings of Christianity. There are of course those that take the middle road and say it depends on your views and the type of yoga, and without the spiritual component, yoga is simply a type of exercise.

Enter Salwa Najmeddine.  A 51-year-old woman who was born and raised a Lebanese Muslim. We met in our 200 hour teacher training program in 2015/16 and I wondered if as a yoga practitioner and yoga teacher herself, she felt conflicted.

“No, said Najmeddine, from her St. Albert home, when we first were studying philosophy I wondered is this religion based? But yoga is older than religion. You can be any faith, religion…you can still practice yoga. Yoga has evolved.”

She started wearing hijab towards the end of 2022. Hijab is another level of modesty which is a Muslim value. Najmeddine says it took courage and thought, “I’m going to be judged. How am I going to wear it when I teach? Will I get hot? Am I going to be able to go upside down in headstand? I made excuses for two years.”

She dresses modestly in other ways while teaching too and takes her audience into consideration such as an all female class versus co-ed.

“I instantly felt strong mentally. Why didn’t I do it before? I was so comfortable. I taught that first day and it did not fall off.”

She received positive feedback and welcomed questions such as “did you convert?”

“I went to the mall and I was smiling, I was proud of myself.”

What’s more important says Najmeddine is how you wear it. “I’m confident, I’m smiling. They see my face; they see me for who I am. I don’t feel deprived, I do my hair and I get my hair done.”

She follows the 5 pillars of Islam; these are the core beliefs and practices of Islam: 1. Profession of faith – 1 god only (Allah) 2. Prayer (five times a day): facing Mecca (dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and after dark, 3. Alms (charity), 4. Fasting during the daylight hours of Ramadan the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, all healthy adult Muslims are required to abstain from food and drink (begins at puberty, elderly don’t because of medications, time of year). Through this temporary deprivation, they renew their awareness of and gratitude for everything God has provided in their lives. During Ramadan they share the hunger and thirst of the needy as a reminder of the religious duty to help those less fortunate, 5. Pilgrimage: Every Muslim whose health and finances permit it, must take at least one visit to the holy city of Mecca, in present day Saudi Arabia. (1x in life, Medina 4-5 days walk, Saudi Arabia, pray, stand in).

“Faith grounds me.” Some pray positions even resemble yoga poses; such as child’s pose, standing half forward fold, and thunderbolt pose but with toes curled under.

Najmeddine has been practicing for 22 years and she has a strong practice which started at a gym. No one else in her family practices despite her encouragement all the time.

“Yoga and fitness has always been an outlet for me. We all want to work on ourselves.”

I couldn’t agree more when Najmeddine describes herself as a happy person. “Everything else is an extension of me.”

Najmeddine has four children: a daughter who is now married and has a young son; and three sons at home, one adult and two 15 and 17-years-olds. Her husband passed away 2 years ago from COVID at 56-years-old, living in Jordan at the time.

Her parents also live with her, as her family cares for her father who has advanced dementia. Her mother has worn a hijab for over 20 years, as does Najmeddine’s younger sister, sister-in-law and extended family.

 

Goal Setting

“A man is but the product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes.” Mahatma Gandhi.

After you begin practicing shifting thoughts from negative to positive, positive thoughts come more quickly and easily. The process is similar to how exercise reshapes the body. The more you think positive thoughts, the stronger those neuro pathways become.

Confidence is a thinking pattern, a practice of choosing to believe positive statements about yourself and your abilities. Confidence affects not only how we feel but also how the brain acts. When you believe in your goal, and also your ability to achieve it, the systems of the brain fall in line. The opposite is also true:  start with doubt and the brain will give you reason to doubt.

Every time you catch yourself thinking negatively, replace the negative thought with a positive one.

Writing down the steps you’ll take to achieve your goal not only gives you a road map to success, but it also lets you see that the goal is possible, planting the seed of belief in your mind.

Write down at least four reasons why you believe you will reach your goal. Adopt a growth-mindset. A growth-mindset is one in which you believe that your abilities can improve through effort and experiment. We have the ability to choose what we believe.

1. Visualize your dreams/goals 2. Write them down 3. Take steps to make them real 4. Start even if you are unsure – you have to start 5. Take care of your body and mental health (you are gifted and a beautiful thing) 6. BELIEVE! 7. Tell fear – to go knock on someone else’s door!

Inventing your dream is the first and biggest step toward making it come true. Post a reminder of your goal where you’ll see it every day.

Post-run recovery nutrition

Research has identified a two-hour post exercise nutritional recovery window – within 2 hours replace hydration, carbohydrates and protein. Even within this window, the sooner you eat or drink, the better. This post-exercise nutrition accelerates muscle recovery so you can perform at a higher level in the next workout. Carbohydrates replenish muscle and liver glycogen stores, protein repairs and remodels muscles, and water rehydrates.

It is during this acute-recovery period that your body makes its physical adaptations to the training stimulus. Consistently taking in the right nutrients in the right amounts during this muscle-recovery window will help you to recover faster, adapt more fully, and eventually wind up far ahead of those who do not take advantage of the window.

Immediate post exercise carbohydrate and protein intake is even more important during the first hour after exercise. The muscle cells are much more receptive to insulin, the hormone responsible for transporting amino acids and glucose.Thus the body can synthesize glycogen (the storage form of carbohydrate) and build muscle proteins two to three times as fast during the first hour or so after exercise than in can at other times – as long as it is provided with the raw materials. As a general guideline, try to consume 10 to 20 per cent of your daily carbohydrate intake in the first 1 to 2 hours after a workout.

The balance of certain key hormones during the first hour or so after exercise renders your body especially ready to make the best use of the nutrients it needs for recovery. Finally, exercise-related muscle damage can actually continue for some time after you finish exercising unless you quickly consume carbohydrate and protein to lower cortisol levels and initiate muscle protein rebuilding.

There are five specific effects of exercise on the body that immediate post-exercise recovery nutrition can address. Based on those effects, the five goals of recovery nutrition are as follows:

• Rehydration

• Replenishing muscle glycogen

• Reducing secondary muscle damage and preventing illness

• Rebuilding muscle proteins

• Replenishing muscle fat stores

The sooner you eat and drink, the faster and more thoroughly you will recover and the sooner you will be ready to perform well in subsequent workout.

Why self-myofascial release may be beneficial for you

We are born with optimal joint mobility but we lose it due to repetitive stress and/or injuries. As children we all have optimal joint mobility (unless there is a congenital condition), but as we age our mobility can be decreased by multiple factors. For example, our lifestyle and daily habits can have a huge impact on our mobility over time such as sitting at a desk or in a car, repetitive movement patterns, such as construction workers or sports, or maybe you’ve suffered an injury.

All of the external stresses that have been placed on an individual’s body over their lifetime will influence how they currently move and feel. Their genetic predispositions, past injuries, repetitive activities, such as sitting or swinging a baseball bat, stress levels, nutrition, medications and surgeries, if applicable, must also be considered.

Self myofascial release, or SMR, is an intervention technique used to improve mobility and recovery of soft tissues. It improves gliding of the body’s structures including skin and fascia. It affects the nervous system through interaction with mechanoreceptors. SMR are techniques that are performed by an individual on themselves with a tool rather than by a clinician who is performing manual therapy on them.

SMR opens up a window of opportunity to improve mobility. It creates a mechanical stimulus that initiates a number of potential neurophysiological effects from the peripheral and central nervous systems, including increased parasympathetic activity (in charge of our rest, digest and recovery), enhanced blood flow, decreased blood pressure and a rise in serotonin and dopamine levels.

Joints do not have direct blood supply and, after childhood, rely on free movement to move fluids and nutrients in and out of the joint spaces to stay healthy. Long-term joint fixations are a primary cause of reduced mobility as calcium deposits develop. SMR increases blood flow and reduces inflammation; improves muscular range of motion; reduces muscle soreness; promotes quicker recovery; helps get you mentally prepared to move and perform; and, reduces arterial stiffness which is conducive to cardiovascular well-being.

Myofascial release and all related synonyms (foam rolling, trigger point release, fascial release, self massage) are interventions that work on the skeletal system, muscles and fascia of the body to help ease mobility and pain. The practice has become increasingly popular for improving mobility, preventing injury, augmenting performance and aiding recovery from exercise.

If you perform SMR and it’s so painful that you can’t breathe and your body clenches up, you risk exciting the flight or fight response and this is the opposite of what you’re trying to accomplish.Find the sweet spot between pleasure and pain roughly a 5 out of 10 intensity level. Move slowly and consciously.

Contraindications include staying away from bone; staying away from nerves or any sensations that feel sharp, shooting or radiating; and, avoid swollen tissue (acute injury).

Being proactive and consistent is the key to success. Schedule your active recovery and mobility time. This time will also be a time of de-stressing. Incorporate mobility drills into your daily routine. Ten minutes each morning, during your lunch break at work or 10 minutes before bed.

Eat Clean

How clean is your diet?

Eating clean means consuming nutrient dense, properly prepared and well sourced, whole foods with the goal of nourishing oneself with the highest level of nutrients possible.

It promotes steady blood sugar levels, eliminating cravings and mood crashes.

The basic idea of clean eating is to choose foods that are as close to their natural form as possible. So instead of boxed, bagged, or packaged foods, choose fresh, whole ones. Make lean protein choices along with healthy fats and complex carbohydrates and drink sufficient water.

Drink 2-3 litres of water each day; on the higher side if physically active; replace carbonated, juices and sports drinks with water; find hidden sugars and remove; eat protein at each meal; get 30 minutes of exercise per day; and, eat greens at every meal.

Eating clean in today’s unclean food environment can be a bit of work. Modern foods have been created through mechanisms that constitute a radical departure from the way man has eaten for thousands of years. But when we return to the food preparation and practices of our ancestors, we can return to lean, disease-free bodies bursting with health, vitality and happiness.

Read food labels and ingredient lists and eating grass-fed, organic, range-free and wild sources of animal-based protein are the purest.

If this seems too daunting, concentrate on just one component or tip at a time. Would you like more information or need help knowing where to start? Reach out to me for a chat. Michelle Anderson, CanFit Pro Healthy Eating and Weight Loss Coach, Precision Nutrition Coach.

Ready to jump on the fitness trends for 2023? Maybe you’re already doing them

Wearable technology: People use wearables to measure their physical activity, sleep patterns, heart rate variability and overall wellness. They are becoming more powerful, cheaper, smaller and more comfortable. While fitness tracker rings have been around for almost a decade in their earliest forms, 2023 is set to experience a boom in new technology that’ll remove your tracker from your wrist and onto your finger, into your clothes, or around your ear.

Home gyms: These continue to thrive post-lockdown. Home gyms are also going high-tech; Peloton is probably the most famous recent example of high-tech home fitness equipment.

Rise of the e-bikes: The way we move has changed for good post-pandemic and our daily commute has certainly become part of that change. Twenty-six per cent of cyclists in older age groups are opting for an e-bike.

The great outdoors: Gyms, swimming pools, and sports centres may be open again, but that doesn’t mean the boom in outdoor fitness is going anywhere. Biking, running, and hiking trips allow people to feel refreshed and boost their vitamin D levels, which improves their mood and keeps them motivated during the darker months. Training outside has many benefits, not only is it a cost-effective way to work out, but it’s also greener and comes with many additional health benefits. Taking part in outdoor boot camps and fitness, from yoga in the park to low-maintenance exercises, such as running and cycling, makes fitness much more inclusive. It also provides people with the opportunity to mix up their routines and get outside in the fresh air as well.

More mobile fitness apps: First were activity trackers, another type of growing fitness app is the guided workout app. And a final fast-growing fitness app category is, diet apps.

Consumers focus on flexibility and functional strength: A focus on pure physical performance and strength through a full range of motion. Gymnast-like flexibility (to be able to go through more ranges of motion in the first place) as well as proper form and posture are important this year. Mobility training works to improve your ability to safely move a muscle or muscle group through a range of motion within a joint. And it’s about so much more than just being flexible, developing your mobility helps improve functional movement, prevent injuries, reduces pain, and more. In fact, you can expect to see prioritizing post-workout recovery (through stretching, low-impact activity, and yes, those high-tech massage guns) as another form of self-care this year. Case in point: Pinterest has seen a boost in searches around phrases such as mobility stretches, knee mobility exercises, and hip mobility exercises.

Posture workouts: As more people experience the side effects of weak postural muscles (think: tech neck and dowager’s hump), they’re seeking exercises to improve posture for a comfortable, pain-free daily life. Posture workouts train and strengthen the muscles that support your spine (such as the erector spinae, transverse abdominis, and pelvic floor) and lumbopelvic hip complex (your lumbar spine, pelvis, and hips), which are key in keeping you upright. Standing ab workouts improve posture more effectively than supine (lying face up) movements. They engage more muscle groups (think: glutes, lower back muscles, and even your upper body muscles), and prevent injuries related to pore balance. You can add kettlebells or dumbbells to challenge your core even further.

Primal movement: crawling, lunging, reaching, pushing, and more like adding squats, deadlifts, bear crawls, and farmer carries to your workouts.

Exercise as a mental health tool: more and more people are turning to movement as a way to protect and enhance their mental health. Exercise has been proven to reduce stress, help with depression and anxiety, improve sleep, and even improve brain function. You’ll continue to see people using exercise as a way to connect with others, enjoy much-needed alone time, work toward personal goals, and build confidence, all of which are crucial in maintaining mental health.

Holistic training will expand beyond the body: It’s not just about taking an hour in the gym and watching what you eat anymore—the mind and soul will be integral to fitness in 2023, too. Mental health, physical health, and  fitness. Using meditation as part of a fitness routine isn’t exactly new, but expect the practice to become more common in 2023. Fitness studios are merging meditation with muscle building. More than anything else, 2023 will see people making their fitness practice an integral, interconnected part of their everyday lives, not just something they do for an hour when they remember to go to the gym. A refocus on metabolic health and metabolic dysfunction is in our power to change. Like eating nutrient-dense whole foods, exercising every day, getting enough quality sleep and reducing stress fall into this category. So much of what we’ve accepted as ‘normal’ in our everyday lives, like energy crashes, poor sleep, hormonal imbalance, weight gain, and inflammation, does not have to be our normal experience of being alive. If we all make even small lifestyle changes, we can set ourselves and our society up for a more positive future.

New diets emerge: More and more people are turning plant-based, whether for health reasons, ethical reasons or environmental concerns. Carbs are making a comeback. With the rise in popularity of carb-friendly diets such as the Mediterranean and DASH diet, carbs are no longer the enemy and whole grains are finding a place on plates again.

Whatever new fitness trend you dare to take part in, find something that you enjoy and can stick to to make 2023 your healthiest year yet.

Do you embrace change or resist?

Change is a dynamic, constantly evolving experience. Some days we feel ready, willing or able and other days we don’t. Change and success isn’t linear; there are surges and dips.

Change can threaten our sense of safety and security; change can threaten our autonomy and self-determination; change can force us to confront things we’d rather not; change disrupts the status quo; change asks us to build new skills or try new things – which we’re often not sure we can do; change can challenge our current identity and beliefs.

Change can bring great things, change helps us grow, change feels scary sometimes, change expands our horizons, change brings opportunities.

Change is hard because people crave what they already like. It’s the loss of control, concerns about competence, more work, uncertainty and the inborn fact that we’re creatures of habit that creates resistance.

We don’t achieve goals through the mere act of setting them, or through pure will. Eventually we must do something.

Only action creates change and change is hard but that’s okay. You have to move from goals to skills, from skills to practices, and from practices to small, manageable daily actions.

We must make plans, establish goals and visualize ourselves transformed.

Things must be done in a logical order.

First we identify goals – what you want to move towards. Break goals into skills, break skills into practices and break practices into actions. These small, specific actions when repeated over time become habits.

How to:

1) decide to change

2) learn to embrace discomfort

3) identify why you want to change

4) define the changes you want to make

5) identify the things that may hold you back

6) choose your “one thing”

7) set a SMART goal

8) prepare for the storms

9) get your friends and family on board

10) go the distance.

Tips: focus on your why; it’s not failure –  it’s data; celebrate small wins; schedule it; and, have an accountability partner; rid your life of negativity; build a support network; and, take baby steps.

It’s the beginning of new year, what changes do you want to make happen?

Exercise to boost your immunity!

Physical activity is considered one of the main components of healthy living. In addition to the functions related to the prevention of excess body weight, systemic inflammation and chronic non-communicable diseases, a potential benefit of physical exercise in reducing communicable diseases, including viral pathologies.

Some ways in which exercise contributes to an healthy immune system include: exercise stimulates cellular immunity; exercise raises body temperature; exercise helps you sleep better; exercise decreases risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases; exercise decreases stress and other conditions such as depression; and, exercise reduces inflammation.

The practice of physical activities strengthens the immune system, suggesting a benefit in the response to viral communicable diseases. Thus, regular practice of adequate intensity is suggested as an auxiliary tool in strengthening and preparing the immune system for COVID-19.

During and after physical exercise, pro-and-anti-inflammatory cytokines are released, lymphocyte circulation increases, as well as cell recruitment. Such practice has an effect on the lower incidence, intensity of symptoms and mortality in viral infections observed in people who practice physical activity regularly, and its correct execution must be considered to avoid damage.

Studies indicate that the modulation of the immune response related to exercise depends on factors such as regularity, intensity, duration and type of effort applied.

Moderate-intensity physical exercises stimulate cellular immunity, while prolonged or high-intensity practices without appropriate rest can trigger decreased cellular immunity, increasing the propensity for infectious diseases. According to the International Society for Exercise and Immunology (ISEI), the immunological decrease occurs after the practice of prolonged physical exercise, that is, after 90 min of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity. Prolonged high intensity training — especially without appropriate rest between sessions — can suppress your immune system. This is an important consideration if you’re a competitive athlete or are training for an endurance events like a marathon. In those cases, take extra care to give your body ample recovery time.

Furthermore, different studies suggest that regular physical exercise is directly related to decreased mortality from pneumonia and influenza, improvements in cardiorespiratory function, vaccine response, metabolism of glucose, lipids and insulin.

There is an improvement in immunovigilance, as well as a reduction in the systemic inflammatory process, factors that corroborate that regular physical activity helps to improve the immune system, while helping to prevent respiratory diseases and thus protect against infections such as COVID-19. Regular exercise of moderate intensity has already been associated with a reduction in respiratory infections compared to sedentariness.

For the elderly population, physical activity is even more essential, as these individuals generally have greater comorbidities and, in relation to the new coronavirus, are more vulnerable to contracting the disease.

Despite being one of the main strategies against COVID-19, social isolation has been related to behavioural and physiological changes, including the increased prevalence of sedentarism and eating disorders, resulting in negative consequences for metabolic health, such as weight gain, growth of fat tissue, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and loss of muscle tissue. Since this condition can harm the body’s defences and contribute significantly to the reduction in individuals’ physical condition, functional and health loss, the adoption of healthy habits and an exercise routine can help in maintaining health.

Physical activity is considered a non-medication practice for the prevention and treatment of diseases of psychological, physical and/or metabolic origin. Regular physical exercise should be encouraged during social isolation as a preventive measure for health, given that exercise is essential during the period of fight against the spread of coronavirus.

The World Health Organization recommends that asymptomatic and healthy individuals should exercise at least 150 min per week for adults and 300 min per week for children and adolescents. These times can be distributed during the days of the week and according to the person’s routine.

In social isolation, the home environment has become the ideal and necessary place for physical activity. Activities that are satisfactory and that allow better exploring the home space should be sought. Activities of daily living such as organization of spaces, cleaning and maintenance also help in coping with COVID-19. In environments with children, playing and exercising with them is a great way to promote energy expenditure, thus leaving the beginning of sedentary rest. Meditation, stretching and relaxation are allies in combating a sedentary lifestyle. It is important to avoid long rest periods; but rather, alternate with active practices.

Options for aerobic activities to be performed at home include walk briskly around the house, up- and downstairs, dancing and jumping rope. When possible, walking or running outdoors, cycling, gardening work and family games are interesting alternatives, as long as infection prevention measures are maintained.

Recommended strength exercises include squats, sit-ups, push-ups, lunges and yoga, which can also help in anxious states. Resistance exercises to be performed at home, including exercises involving the muscles of the lower body, upper body and limbs, and lower limbs, which can be adapted for beginners in physical practice or experienced people.

Activities that make use of the individual’s own body weight, associated with resistance training as well as the use of elastic bands, provide excellent health results, results similar to those achieved by traditional gyms. Thus, objects such as backpacks, books, shopping bags and water bottles can be used as an auxiliary tool in resistance physical activity.

In general, exercising at a moderate to vigorous intensity for 60 minutes or less is optimal for the immune-boosting benefits of exercise. If you do this daily or almost daily, your immune and metabolic systems continue to strengthen, building on previous gains.

Yoga provides a gentle, natural means of supporting the immune system on a day-to-day basis—, no matter how hectic your schedule might be. Yoga helps lower stress hormones that compromise the immune system, while also conditioning the lungs and respiratory tract, stimulating the lymphatic system to oust toxins from the body, and bringing oxygenated blood to the various organs to ensure their optimal function.

Inverted postures or forward bends will focus the immune system on the sinuses, ultimately helping to ease congestion. These particular types of poses also work to prevent the complications of secondary infections by draining the lungs, opening the chest and preventing pneumonia. 

Since both colds and flu attack the bronchial passages, it makes sense that conditioning the lungs and maximizing one’s breathing capacity through pranayama (breathing practices) would build resistance to preying organisms. Nasal wash and alternate-nostril breathing will increase the resistance of your sinuses.

Finally, meditation also reduces the incidence of infectious ailments by de-stressing the body and mind. Ample research has shown that just 20 minutes of meditation a day increases endorphins, decreases cortisol levels, and fosters positive states of mind to promote better health.

Meditation and yoga increase a practitioner’s vagal tone, part of the body’s parasympathetic nervous system. The vagal tone regulates the body’s stress response, making them effective treatment options for stress-based trauma and inflammatory-based diseases.

Various mind and body therapies have been known to work as an adjunct treatment. Yoga and meditation-subsets of mind-body therapies improve immunity and provide protection against respiratory tract infections. Specific exercises of yoga and meditation are known to improve respiratory health and immunity; both are needed for protection against the current pandemic virus. There are many studies that highlight the result of yoga on communicable and acute condition diseases. 

Moreover, the beneficial effects of these traditional Indian interventions are not only limited to improved immunity but also have a positive impact on overall physical and physiological wellbeing and quality of life. So, in order to bring a control or subside the condition from deteriorating one needs to boost one’s immunity for which yoga can be used as an adjunct therapy not only as curative measure but also as preventive measure.

So are you incorporating some form of exercise most days of the week and taking movement breaks throughout the day? Above are even more reasons why you should be exercising in some way, shape or form to stay healthy all year round.